PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.